الجمع بين قضاء رمضان وصوم عاشوراء أو عرفة
Combining making up a missed Ramadan fast with the fast of ‘Ashoora’ or ‘Arafah
Réunir le rattrapage du jeûne du Ramadan et le jeûne d'Achourah ou du jour d'Arafah
Combining making up a missed Ramadan fast with the fast of ‘Ashoora’ or ‘Arafah
Réunir le rattrapage du jeûne du Ramadan et le jeûne d'Achourah ou du jour d'Arafah
السؤال: هل يمكنني أن أصوم صوم سُنَّة بنية قضاء أيام كانت عليّ في رمضان ؟ وكذلك بنية التطوع -مثل يوم عاشوراء- .
الجواب :
الحمد لله
هذه المسألة تعرف عند أهل العلم بمسألة التشريك أو التداخل بين العبادات ، ولها صور كثيرة، منها هذه الصورة ، وهي الجمع بين الواجب والمستحب بنية واحدة ، فمن نوى المستحب لم يجزه عن الواجب ، فمن صام بنية عاشوراء لم يجزه عن قضاء رمضان ، ومن نوى قضاء رمضان وأوقعه في يوم عاشوراء ، صح قضاؤه ، ويُرجى أن ينال ثواب عاشوراء عند بعض أهل العلم .
قال الرملي رحمه الله في "نهاية المحتاج" 3/208 " ولو صام في شوال قضاءً أو نذرا أو غيرهما أو في نحو يوم عاشوراء حصل له ثواب تطوعها ، كما أفتى به الوالد رحمه الله تعالى تبعا للبارزي والأصفوني والناشري والفقيه علي بن صالح الحضرمي وغيرهم ، لكن لا يحصل له الثواب الكامل المرتب على المطلوب ، لا سيما من فاته رمضان وصام عنه شوالًا" انتهى . ومثله في "مغني المحتاج" 2/184 ، "حواشي تحفة المحتاج" 3/457 .
وقال الشيخ ابن عثيمين في "فتاوى الصيام" 438 "من صام يوم عرفة ، أو يوم عاشوراء وعليه قضاء من رمضان فصيامه صحيح ، لكن لو نوى أن يصوم هذا اليوم عن قضاء رمضان حصل له الأجران: أجر يوم عرفة ، وأجر يوم عاشوراء مع أجر القضاء ، هذا بالنسبة لصوم التطوع المطلق الذي لا يرتبط برمضان ، أما صيام ستة أيام من شوال فإنها مرتبطة برمضان ولا تكون إلا بعد قضائه ، فلو صامها قبل القضاء لم يحصل على أجرها ، لقول النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم " من صام رمضان ثم أتبعه بست من شوال فكأنما صام الدهر" ومعلوم أن من عليه قضاء فإنه لا يعد صائمًا رمضان حتى يكمل القضاء " انتهى .
وينبغي أن يبادر الإنسان بقضاء ما عليه ، فهذا أولى من فعل التطوع ، لكن إن ضاق عليه الوقت ولم يتمكن من قضاء جميع ما عليه وخاف أن يفوته صوم يومٍ فاضلٍ كعاشوراء أو يوم عرفة ، فليصم بنية القضاء ، ولعله ينال ثواب عاشوراء وعرفة أيضًا ؛ فإن فضل الله واسع .
والله أعلم .الإسلام سؤال وجواب.
Combining making up a missed Ramadan fast with the fast of ‘Ashoora’ or ‘Arafah
Can I
observe a Sunnah fast with the intention of making up days that I owe
from Ramadan? Can I do the same with the intention of observing a
voluntary fast (such as the day of ‘Ashoora’)?
Praise be to Allah.
This issue is known to the scholars as the issue of pairing or combining acts of worship. It takes many forms such as this one, which is combining an obligatory and a mustahabb action with one intention. If a person intends to do the mustahabb action, that will not be acceptable for the obligatory action. If a person fasts with the intention of ‘Ashoora’, that will not be acceptable as making up for a missed Ramadan fast, but if he intends to make up the missed Ramadan fast and does that on the day of ‘Ashoora’, then his making up the missed fast will be valid, and there is the hope that he will also attain the reward for ‘Ashoora’, according to some scholars.
Ar-Ramli (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Nihaayat al-Muhtaaj (3/208): If he fasts in Shawwaal to make up a missed fast, or in fulfilment of a vow, or otherwise, or on an occasion such as the day of ‘Ashoora’, he will also attain the reward for the voluntary fast. This was stated in a fatwa by my father (may Allah have mercy on him), following al-Baarizi, al-Asfooni, an-Naashiri, the faqeeh ‘Ali ibn Saalih al-Hadrami, and others, but he will not attain the full reward that comes from doing what is required, especially if he missed Ramadan and fasted Shawwaal to make up for it.
End quote.
It says something similar in Mughni al-Muhtaaj (2/184) and Hawaashi Tuhfat al-Muhtaaj (3/457)
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Fataawa as-Siyaam (438): If a person fasts the day of ‘Arafah or the day of ‘Ashoora’, and he still owes fasts from Ramadan, his fast will be valid, but if he intended to fast that day to make up for a missed Ramadan fast, he will have two rewards: the reward of the day of ‘Arafah or the day of ‘Ashoora’, and the reward for making up the missed fast. This applies to voluntary fasts in general, that have nothing to do with Ramadan. But with regard to the six days of Shawwaal, they are connected to Ramadan, and can only be done after making it up. If a person fasts these days before making up missed Ramadan fasts, he will not attain the reward for them, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan then follows it with six days of Shawwaal, it will be as if he fasted for a lifetime.” And it is well known that if a person owes missed fasts, then he cannot be regarded as having fasted Ramadan until he completes the days that he owes.
End quote.
So what one should do is hasten to make up what one owes; this is more important than doing voluntary actions. But if he does not have much time and he cannot make up all the days that he owes, and he is afraid of missing out on the fast of a day of virtue such as ‘Ashoora’ or the day of ‘Arafah, then he may fast with the intention of making up the missed fast, and there is the hope that he will attain the reward of ‘Ashoora’ and ‘Arafah as well, for the bounty of Allah is immense.
And Allah knows best.
Islam Q&APraise be to Allah.
This issue is known to the scholars as the issue of pairing or combining acts of worship. It takes many forms such as this one, which is combining an obligatory and a mustahabb action with one intention. If a person intends to do the mustahabb action, that will not be acceptable for the obligatory action. If a person fasts with the intention of ‘Ashoora’, that will not be acceptable as making up for a missed Ramadan fast, but if he intends to make up the missed Ramadan fast and does that on the day of ‘Ashoora’, then his making up the missed fast will be valid, and there is the hope that he will also attain the reward for ‘Ashoora’, according to some scholars.
Ar-Ramli (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Nihaayat al-Muhtaaj (3/208): If he fasts in Shawwaal to make up a missed fast, or in fulfilment of a vow, or otherwise, or on an occasion such as the day of ‘Ashoora’, he will also attain the reward for the voluntary fast. This was stated in a fatwa by my father (may Allah have mercy on him), following al-Baarizi, al-Asfooni, an-Naashiri, the faqeeh ‘Ali ibn Saalih al-Hadrami, and others, but he will not attain the full reward that comes from doing what is required, especially if he missed Ramadan and fasted Shawwaal to make up for it.
End quote.
It says something similar in Mughni al-Muhtaaj (2/184) and Hawaashi Tuhfat al-Muhtaaj (3/457)
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said in Fataawa as-Siyaam (438): If a person fasts the day of ‘Arafah or the day of ‘Ashoora’, and he still owes fasts from Ramadan, his fast will be valid, but if he intended to fast that day to make up for a missed Ramadan fast, he will have two rewards: the reward of the day of ‘Arafah or the day of ‘Ashoora’, and the reward for making up the missed fast. This applies to voluntary fasts in general, that have nothing to do with Ramadan. But with regard to the six days of Shawwaal, they are connected to Ramadan, and can only be done after making it up. If a person fasts these days before making up missed Ramadan fasts, he will not attain the reward for them, because the Prophet (blessings and peace of Allah be upon him) said: “Whoever fasts Ramadan then follows it with six days of Shawwaal, it will be as if he fasted for a lifetime.” And it is well known that if a person owes missed fasts, then he cannot be regarded as having fasted Ramadan until he completes the days that he owes.
End quote.
So what one should do is hasten to make up what one owes; this is more important than doing voluntary actions. But if he does not have much time and he cannot make up all the days that he owes, and he is afraid of missing out on the fast of a day of virtue such as ‘Ashoora’ or the day of ‘Arafah, then he may fast with the intention of making up the missed fast, and there is the hope that he will attain the reward of ‘Ashoora’ and ‘Arafah as well, for the bounty of Allah is immense.
And Allah knows best.
Réunir le rattrapage du jeûne du Ramadan et le jeûne d'Achourah ou du jour d'Arafah
M'est
il possible d'effectuer un jeûne surérogatoire avec la double
intention de rattraper des jours que n'ai pas jeûnés en Ramadan et de
jeûner l'Achoura, par exemple?
Cette question est connue chez les ulémas sous les appellations d'association ou d'intégration. Elle revêt de nombreuses formes dont celle mentionnée qui consiste à réunir l'obligatoire et le recommandé dans la même intention. Celui qui ne nourrit que l'intention de faire le recommandé ne peut pas substituer son acte à l'obligatoire. Celui qui nourrit l'intention de jeûner le jour d'Achoura ne peut pas utiliser ce jeûne pour rattraper celui du Ramadan. En revanche, celui veut rattraper le jeûne du Ramadan, et effectue son jeûne le jour d'Achoura, son acte est juste et l'on espère qu'il recevra la récompense du jeûne d'Achoura selon une partie des ulémas.
Dans Nihayatoul mouhtadj (3/208) ar-Ramli (Puisse Allah lui accorder Sa miséricorde):«Si on jeûnait en Chawwal pour rattraper le jeûne du Ramadan ou honorer un vœu ou d'autres ou le jour d'Achoura, on obtient la récompense du jeûne surérogatoire. Mon père (Puisse Allah Très-haut )a donné une fatwa dans ce sens, à la suite d'al-Bazi, d'al-Asfouni, d'an-Nachiri , d'al-Faquih Ali ibn Salih al-Hadrami et d'autres. Mais l'on n'obtient pas la récompense parfaite octroyée à celui qui fait ce qui lui est demandé. C'est surtout le cas pour celui qui a raté le jeûne de jours du Ramadan et l' a rattrapé en Chawwal.» On trouve des propos pareils dans Moughni al-Mouhtadj (2/184) et dans Hawachi touhfatoul mouhtadj (3/457).
Dans ses fatwas sur le jeûne, cheikh Ibn Outhaymine (438)dit: «Quiconque jeûne le jour d'Arafah ou le jour d'Achoura alors qu'il doit rattraper un jeûne du Ramadan aura son jeûne valide. Si, à travers le jeûne surérogatoire , il entend rattraper en même temps le jeûne du Ramadan, il sera doublement récompensé pour le jeûne d'Arafah, le jeûne d'Achoura et le jeûne de rattrapage. Ceci concerne le jeûne surérogatoire sans rapport avec le Ramadan. Quant au jeûne des six jours de Chawwal, il est lié au Ramadan dans ce sens qu'on ne peut le faire qu'après avoir rattrapé le jeûne du Ramadan. Si on observait ce jeûne avant de rattraper celui du Ramadan, on n'en serait pas récompensé, compte tenu de la parole du Prophète (Bénédiction et salut soient sur lui):«Quiconque observe le jeûne du Ramadan et le fait suivre par le jeûne de six jours de Chawwal, est comme celui qui a jeûné tout le temps.» Il est bien connu que celui qui a un jeûne à rattraper, n'aura jeûné tout le Ramadan qu'après le rattrapage des jours qu'il a ratés.»
Il convient qu'on s'empresse à rattraper le jeûne qu'on a raté. C'est plus important que le jeûne surérogatoire. Si toutefois on ne dispose que de peu de temps et qu'on ne peut pas rattraper tout ce qu'on raté et qu'on craint de rater en plus le jeûne d'un jour méritoire comme l'Achoura ou le jour d'Arafah, qu'on les jeûne avec l'intention de rattraper le jeûne obligatoire. Peut-être obtiendra -t- on la récompense liée au jeûne d'Achoura et d'Arafah, la grâce divine étant ample.
Allah le sait mieux.
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