هل يعطي زكاته لولده لأن راتبه يسير؟ Should he give his zakaah to his son because his salary is low?

هل يعطي زكاته لولده لأن راتبه يسير؟
Should he give his zakaah to his son because his salary is low?

السؤال

هل يجوز للوالد أن يعطى زكاة غنمه لابنه المتزوج والذي لا يسكن معه ولا يعيله ؟ علما بأن الابن يعيش على راتب يسير.
الحمد لله
لا يجوز للأب أن يدفع زكاته لابنه ؛ لأنه إذا كان الابن فقيرا ، والأب غنيا ، فإنه يجب على الأب أن ينفق على ابنه ، فإذا أعطاه من الزكاة فكأنه أعطاها لنفسه .
قال ابن قدامة رحمه الله في "المغني" 2/269 " ولا يعطى من الصدقة المفروضة للوالدين, ولا للولد . قال ابن المنذر : أجمع أهل العلم على أن الزكاة لا يجوز دفعها إلى الوالدين , في الحال التي يجبر الدافع إليهم على النفقة عليهم , ولأن دفع زكاته إليهم تغنيهم عن نفقته , وتسقطها عنه , ويعود نفعها إليه , فكأنه دفعها إلى نفسه .
وكذلك لا يعطيها لولده . قال الإمام أحمد : لا يعطي الوالدين من الزكاة , ولا الولد ولا ولد الولد , ولا الجد ولا الجدة ولا ولد البنت " انتهى بتصرف واختصار .
ويستثنى من ذلك حالتان :
الأولى : أن يكون الابن غارما - مدينا- فيجوز دفع الزكاة إليه ؛ لأن الأب لا يجب عليه سداد دين ولده .
الثانية : أن يكون مال الأب لا يكفي للنفقة على ابنه .
قال شيخ الإسلام ابن تيمية رحمه الله كما في "الاختيارات" ص 104 " ويجوز صرف الزكاة إلى الوالدين وإن علوا – يعني الأجداد والجدات - وإلى الولد وإن سفل – يعني الأحفاد - إذا كانوا فقراء وهو عاجز عن نفقتهم ، وكذا إن كانوا غارمين أو مكاتبين أو أبناء السبيل ، وإذا كانت الأم فقيرة ولها أولاد صغار لهم مال ونفقتها تضر بهم أعطيت من زكاتهم " انتهى باختصار .
وسئل الشيخ ابن عثيمين رحمه الله : هل يجوز للإنسان أن يدفع الزكاة لولده ؟
فأجاب : " فيه تفصيل : إن كان يريد أن يعطيه للنفقة مع وجوبها عليه فهذا لا يجوز ، وإن كان يريد أن يقضي عنه دينا كحادث سيارة مثلا وتكسرت السيارة التي أصابها ، وثُمنت السيارة بعشرة آلاف ، فإنه يجوز لأبيه أن يدفع عنه الزكاة من أجل هذا الحادث " انتهى من "مجموع فتاوى الشيخ ابن عثيمين" 18/508. وينظر 18/415.
والله أعلم .
المصدر: الإسلام سؤال وجواب.

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Should he give his zakaah to his son because his salary is low?

Question

Is it permissible for a father to give the zakaah of his wealth to his married son who does not live with him and whom he does not support? Please note that the son is living on a low salary.

Answer



Praise be to Allaah. It is not permissible for a father to give his zakaah to his son, because if the son is poor and the father is rich, the father is obliged to spend on his son, so if he gives him his zakaah, it is as if he is giving it to himself. Ibn Qudaamah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said in al-Mughni (2/269): The obligatory charity (zakaah) should not be given to parents or to children. Ibn al-Mundhir said: The scholars are unanimously agreed that it is not permissible to give zakaah to one’s parents in a situation where the giver is required to spend on them, because giving zakaah to them means that they no longer need him to spend on them and that he is spared that duty, so he benefits from it, and it is as if he is giving it to himself. Similarly, he should not give it to his son. Imam Ahmad said: Zakaah should not be given to one's parents or child, or son’s child, or grandfather or grandmother, or daughter’s child. End quote. There are two exceptions: 1 – If the son is in debt, in which case it is permissible to give him zakaah, because the father is not obliged to pay off his son’s debt. 2 – If the father does not have enough to spend on his son. Shaykh al-Islam Ibn Taymiyah (may Allaah have mercy on him) said, in al-Ikhtiyaarat (p. 104): It is permissible to give zakaah to parents and other ascendants – meaning grandfathers and grandmothers – and to children and other descendents – meaning grandchildren – if they are poor and he is unable to spend on their maintenance, and also if they are in debt or are slaves who have a contract of manumission with their owners, or are wayfarers. If the mother is poor and has small children who have wealth, and spending on her will affect them, then she may be given some of their zakaah. End quote. Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was asked: Is it permissible for a person to give zakaah to his son? He replied: That depends. If he wants to give it to him when he is obliged to spend on him, then that is not permitted. If he wants to pay off a debt on his behalf, such as if there has been a car accident and the car that he hit was damaged, and the car is valued at tens of thousands, then it is permissible for the father to pay it with his zakaah because of this accident. End quote from Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (18/508). See also (18/415). And Allaah knows best.

Source: Islam Q&A.

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